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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク NOON state ： ウィキペディア英語版 NOON state A NOON state is a quantum-mechanical many-body entangled state: : $|\backslash psi\_\backslash text\; \backslash rangle\; =\; \backslash frac\backslash rangle\_a\; |\backslash rangle\_b\}\{\backslash sqrt\{2\}\},\; \backslash ,$ which represents a superposition of ''N'' particles in mode ''a'' with zero particles in mode ''b'', and vice versa. Usually, the particles are photons, but in principle any bosonic field can support NOON states. ==Applications== NOON states are an important concept in quantum metrology and interferometer. For example, consider the observable : $A\; =\; |N,0\backslash rangle\backslash langle\; 0,N|\; +\; |0,N\backslash rangle\backslash langle\; N,0|.\; \backslash ,$ The expectation value of $A$ for a system in a NOON state switches between +1 and −1 when the phase changes from 0 to $\backslash pi/N$. Moreover, the error in the phase measurement becomes : $\backslash Delta\; \backslash theta\; =\; \backslash frac\; =\; \backslash frac.$ This is the so-called Heisenberg limit, and gives a quadratic improvement over the standard quantum limit. NOON states are closely related to Schrödinger cat states and GHZ states, and are extremely fragile. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「NOON state」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.